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Article History

Received: 17 February 2024

Accepted: 4 November 2024

First Online: 14 November 2024

Declarations

:

: Conducting the study and implementing the intervention within the national wheat campaign were coordinated and approved ethically by Professor Atwa Atwa, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt, and Professor Abdulla Swilam, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and/or their legal guardian(s) in the springer’s ethics section. Research Team informed farmers during the baseline survey of the purpose of the VCoP and explained to them how the data would be used. Coordination meetings with researchers and traders were held to ensure that the participants agreed with the VCoP rules. Participants' approval for data collection for the final assessment was obtained individually by phone.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.