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Article History

Received: 28 November 2024

Accepted: 1 April 2025

First Online: 15 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: With this declaration, I declare that all of the information is accurate and that I am not aware of any other situation that could result in a real, apparent, or conflict of interest. I promise to keep you informed of any changes to these terms if something comes up during the meeting or at work. This study utilized a time series data from metrology institute of Ethiopia and non- climate chickpea farmers. The methodology and data were evaluated and approved by the research and examiner committee of Jimma University, ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines set forth by the institution. The protocols adhered to the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments, or comparable ethical standards