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Article History

Received: 27 December 2024

Accepted: 23 June 2025

First Online: 16 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study, “Perception and Trends of Climate Change: Assessing Impacts on Smallholder Farmers and Agro-Pastoral Communities in Northern Ethiopia,” collected data from adults (18 + years) through surveys, interviews, and group discussions. The research protocol was approved by the Research and Community Service of the Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, Ethiopia, which also functions as a research ethics committee, under institutional ethical guidelines and standards (Ref. No. ICS/1230/20 and date: 24/04/2020).

: was obtained from all participants after explaining the study’s purpose, voluntary nature, and their right to withdraw at any stage without consequences. Participation was anonymous, voluntary, and involved no sensitive or invasive questions, ensuring confidentiality and respect for participants’ rights. Participants also provided consent for the publication of findings, affirming their understanding of how the results would be used.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.