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Article History

Received: 15 November 2024

Accepted: 25 July 2025

First Online: 22 September 2025

Declarations

:

: They have no known competing financial and non-financial relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: The experiments were conducted in compliance with all relevant legislation in Denmark and Bangladesh, as well as the institutional guidelines of the two universities. The Research Management Committee (RMC) of the Department of Economics and Sociology of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University endorsed the research as the Internal Review Board (IRB), stating that it was conducted according to ethical standards.

: Not applicable. The study did not use previously collected data or biological materials. All data were collected firsthand from participants (farmers, traders, and consumers) through interviews and questionnaires.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were made aware of the study’s objectives, the voluntary nature of participation, and their right to withdraw at any time. Informed consent: This study involved farm-level surveys, market interviews, and value chain analyses of Pangasius and Tilapia aquaculture in selected areas of Bangladesh. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the relevant ethical standards and with the informed consent of the participants.

: Participants provided verbal consent for the publication of results in academic journals and other scientific platforms. No identifiable personal data or images are included in the publication. Moreover, oral consent was obtained from all co-authors for publishing the article in Discover Agriculture.

: The research complied with all ethical standards regarding informed consent. Participation was voluntary, with clear communication regarding confidentiality, data use, and the research’s purpose. Consent to participate and publish was obtained accordingly.