Article History
Received: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The collection and use of plant materials in this study were carried out in compliance with the guidelines and regulations of Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. No endangered or protected species were involved, and all procedures adhered to principles of ethical, responsible, and sustainable use of plant resources.
: The authors declare no competing interests.