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Article History

Received: 3 December 2024

Accepted: 7 October 2025

First Online: 16 October 2025

Declarations

:

: We certify that this is our original scientific research work and has not been submitted or published elsewhere. The authors are responsible for all the contents of the manuscript. This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by Egerton University and the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI) approval license number (NACOSTI/P/22/22396). Informed consent was obtained from participants involved in this study who were briefed in the presence of a witness (Cage Tilapia Value Chain actors) that their participation in this study was voluntary and that confidentiality would be maintained at all times. All study participants were above 20 years of age and provided informed verbal consent using questionnaires before study enrolment. The authors opted for verbal informed consent since the data collected were in a setting of which it would be technical for them to obtain written informed consent. The collected data were kept anonymous, confidential, and by international and national ethical guidelines. Consent for publication was equally obtained at this point.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.