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Article History

Received: 18 April 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 22 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involved the collection of primary data from 400 maize farmers through structured questionnaires. Formal ethical approval was obtained from the research supervisory committee in the Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension. The research adhered to standard ethical principles: farmers were informed about the objectives of the study, their participation was voluntary, and their responses were kept anonymous and confidential.

: All participants provided informed consent for the publication of study findings. All authors have reviewed the final manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.