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Article History

Received: 7 November 2024

Accepted: 29 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The cassava planting materials used in this study are owned by the Tanzania Research Institute (TARI), and they were obtained from the cassava seed multiplication block under the care of TARI-Tumbi centre, and is were also the experiments and study was conducted. The cassava varieties used for multiplying the planting materials were officially and realised by the Tanzania Official Seed Certification Institute (TOSCI) and therefore permitted for use for cultivation and experimental purposes and for cultivation. As the member of TARI, the corresponding author is fully permitted to use the planting materials for research purposes and any other official use. The collection of planting materials used in the study complies with national and or local guidelines with no need of further affirmation. The seed multiplication block were the planting materials obtained was based upon the project implemented by the Muhogo Bora project-better cassava for all which funded this study. The project is being implemented by TARI in collaboration with International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the project funders.

: Not applicable.The authors declare that this is the original research study and that it has neither been submitted nor been concurrently submitted in any other journal for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.