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Authors
Ong’or, Dennis
Ochieng, Justus
Mwakatwila, Atupokile
Mutua, Mercy
Kessy, Radegunda
Kelemera, Sylvia
Aseete, Paul
Mwenda, Emmanuel
Madeni, Joachim
Kadege, Edith
Rubyogo, Jean Claude
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-040272)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-040272)
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: All participants were fully informed of the study’s objectives, and their informed consent was obtained prior to their participation. “Participants provided verbal consent, which was documented in SurveyCTO on the tablets, confirming their understanding of the study’s purpose, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. The authors confirm that all ethical guidelines were followed in accordance with the Protection of Research Participants and the Declaration of Helsinki (1964). The study was approved by the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) and jointly conducted with the Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).
: Informed consent was obtained from all respondents prior to the interviews, including consent to publish the findings.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
