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Authors
Munthali, George N. Chidimbah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-7312
Puming, He
Banda, Lazarus Obed Livingstone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-6137
Ngulube, Peter Stephen Donald
Daru, Gama Rivas
Mzumara, Thokozani
Kumbikano, Chimwemwe https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1962-2359
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: The researcher got the identification letter and research clearance from Yangtze University with reference number YU/REC/MW012024. The respondents were informed clearly about the study’s objectives and that participation in this research was voluntary. Further, the researchers observed and followed the 1964 Helsinki Declaration under the conduct of research involving human beings. Participation in the survey was voluntary, and the participants gave their informed consent in writing to this questionnaire before completion. To obtain informed consent, all participants were informed of the purpose of the study and asked to sign written consents. All names of participants were replaced with codes, and the data were kept in a private, secure location to ensure confidentiality.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data (such as images, videos, or personal details) that would require consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
