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Article History

Received: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 5 January 2026

First Online: 13 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The researchers conducted all methods in this study following the relevant guidelines of the Department of Geography and Environment at Pabna University of Science and Technology. This university’s Board of Advanced Research granted the necessary approval before initiating the study. All individuals participating in the study (or, when applicable, their legal guardians) provided prior informed consent. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the confidentiality policy, and their right to participate voluntarily. The participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

: All participants provided consent for the anonymized data to be used for academic publication.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about the study objectives, confidentiality of responses, voluntary participation, and their right to withdraw at any stage without any consequences.

: The authors declare no competing interests.