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Article History

Received: 16 September 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 16 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The experimental research and field studies conducted in this study complied with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. The plant material used was a cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety (Kekeba), which was obtained from Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center under Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute in 2010 for research and production purposes. No endangered or protected plant species were involved, and no specific permits or ethical approval were required for this type of plant based field research.

: The authors declare no competing interests.