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Article History

Received: 26 October 2025

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 9 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The field experiment involving the rice varieties Binadhan-14 , Binadhan-25 , BAU Dhan-3 , BRRI dhan92 , and BRRI dhan55 was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Agrometeorology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The study was carried out in accordance with the institutional and national guidelines for responsible agricultural research. Official approval was obtained from the Department of Agrometeorology prior to field operations. All rice varieties used in the experiment are publicly released, non-genetically modified cultivars, obtained from authorized sources such as BINA, BRRI, and BAU, ensuring compliance with national biosafety and varietal release standards. The experimental field was an authorized research site maintained by BAU and used exclusively for academic purposes. No natural ecosystems or community agricultural lands were disturbed in the process. Standard agronomic practices were followed, and no harmful chemicals or unapproved substances were used, ensuring biosafety and environmental protection. This study did not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore, ethical approval for human or animal research was not required. All data collection and analyses were performed following accepted scientific protocols and good research practices, ensuring transparency, reproducibility, and integrity. The research is intended for academic dissemination and policy support in sustainable agriculture and does not involve any commercial exploitation. The use of plant genetic resources is consistent with the principles of the FAO Code of Conduct, promoting fair use and benefit sharing.

: The corresponding author and all the co-authors have consent to publish this article on Discover Agriculture .

: The authors declare no competing interests.