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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved field experiments on cultivated sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) and did not involve human participants or animals requiring ethical approval. All experimental procedures complied with institutional and national guidelines for agricultural research.

: Not applicable.

: The plant material used in this study consisted of commercially cultivated sugarcane (variety Co-0238) grown under standard agricultural practices at a cooperating farm site. No wild, endangered, or protected plant species were collected. The study complied with all relevant local and national guidelines governing agricultural research. No specific permits or licences were required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.