Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 December 2025

Accepted: 24 April 2026

First Online: 29 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human participants or animal subjects; therefore, informed consent was not required. All plant materials used in this study, including baby corn ( Zea mays L.), kabuli gram ( Cicer arietinum L.), and vegetable cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.), were cultivated under controlled field conditions as part of routine agronomic research conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Seeds were obtained through the institute’s approved seed procurement system or from authorized commercial suppliers for research purposes. The collection, cultivation, and use of plant materials complied with relevant institutional, local, and national guidelines for agricultural research. No wild plant species were collected, and no protected or endangered species were involved. As the plant materials were procured and used under the institute’s established research mandate and standard experimental protocols, no separate permits, licences, or additional institutional permissions were required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.