Sharmin, Shaila https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-8672
Kafi, Abdullah Al https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0732-6202
Kolmi, Jamini Azad
Arfin, Md. Nazmul Hasan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4472-9968
Mahmud, Md. Nahid https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4495-0588
Akhter, Md. Shoeab https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4582-2937
Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-6919
Gonzalez, Carlos Ivan Gutierrez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-6128
Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 11 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
:
: All experimental research and field studies involving plant material were conducted in strict accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation. The BARI tomato-15 seeds used in this study were purchased from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), located in Gazipur, Bangladesh. The plant material used in this study does not involve any protected species, and no specific permits, permissions, or licenses were required for the collection of the plant material. The collection was carried out following the established local and national guidelines, ensuring compliance with all applicable regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.