Ahmadi, Ahmad Jawid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6826-3235
Safdary, Ali Jawed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-7782
Article History
Received: 14 March 2026
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
:
: This study did not involve human participants or animals. All experiments were conducted on cultivated potato plant material ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in accordance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines. The potato seed tubers used in this study were obtained from local agricultural sources in Samangan Province and from the Bamyan Provincial Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, Afghanistan. No ethical approval was required for the use of cultivated plant material in this study. Not applicable.
: The authors consent to publish this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.