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Authors
Charamba, Vonai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-8438
Mushonga, Borden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-2201
Lutaaya, Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-8483
Shihepo, Sesilia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-8316
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Declarations
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: The data used in this study were collected during routine student practical sessions involving the measurement of goats, conducted under the direct supervision of qualified veterinarians. All procedures were non-invasive, limited to standard body measurements, and carried out in a manner that ensured minimal stress to the animals, under the guidance of a qualified veterinarian, BM. The activities complied with institutional and Neudamm Farm guidelines for the ethical use of animals in teaching and research (School of Veterinary Medicine Biohazard Management for the School of Veterinary Medicine 2019 [ ]; Research Ethics Policy [ ]) and national guidelines on the welfare of animals (The Namibian Animal Protection Act (Act No. 71 of 1962 [ ])). As no experimental procedures or interventions were involved, and all handling adhered to good husbandry practices, formal ethical approval was not required. The data collection on the Neudamm Farm goats and sheep was done with the permission and supervision of Neudamm Farm management and Small Stock Section personnel. Application for ethical approval was not necessary for this study. Ethical approval was not required for this study as it involved only routine, non-invasive body measurements of animals, and no experiment or intervention was done on the animals. Written and verbal permission to use the farm goats and sheep for data collection was obtained from the University of Namibia’s Neudamm Farm management, who then provided the farm animals, measuring scales and staff to guide and supervise. All procedures were performed in accordance with Neudamm Farm and the University of Namibia’s School of Veterinary Medicine standard husbandry and welfare practices [ ], under the supervision of qualified veterinarians.
: All authors have agreed to submit the manuscript to the Journal of Discover Agriculture.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
