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Authors
Ayedoun, Oluwatogni Akpado Alfred https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7428-2747
Sossou, Comlan Hervé
Zannou, Afio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5040-7357
Hinnou, Cossi Léonard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-0345
Adégbola, Patrice Ygué
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Article History
Received: 13 April 2026
Accepted: 20 July 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the scientific research ethics guidelines of the Institutional Review Board of the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin (INRAB). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of INRAB (Protocol Number: IRB N° 0223/INRAB/DAF/SRH/SA) on April 3, 2019. Prior to each interview, enumerators explained the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, the right to refuse to answer any question or to withdraw from the survey at any time without consequence, and the strict confidentiality and anonymity of responses, which would be used solely for research purposes. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older, and all data were anonymized to ensure participant confidentiality.
Consent for publication: All authors agree to publish.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
