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Article History

Received: 13 July 2024

Accepted: 8 October 2024

First Online: 17 October 2024

Declarations

:

: This study involving human participants was conducted in full compliance with ethical standards. It was formally approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of Government Post Graduate College (GPGC) Haripur, affiliated with the University of Haripur. The committee rigorously reviewed and endorsed the study’s methodology, ensuring adherence to ethical research standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Prior to their participation, all individuals were informed about the purpose of the research, the procedures to be followed, and their rights to withdraw from the study at any point without penalty. All data collected during the survey are kept strictly confidential, used solely for analytical purposes, and stored securely to prevent unauthorized access.

: The research procedures were carried out in strict accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the ethical guidelines and regulations established by GPGC Haripur.

: The authors declare no competing interests.