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Article History

Received: 23 July 2024

Accepted: 9 October 2024

First Online: 18 October 2024

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted following the ethical guidelines and regulations of the University of Isfahan Institutional Review Board (IR.UI.REC.1401.076), which comply with principles for research involving human participants All participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits. Participation was voluntary, and individuals could withdraw at any time without penalty. Because the study involves sensitive issues related to IPV and we have confidentiality agreements with the participants, the data is not available to the public. We followed ethical guidelines to protect participants' privacy, and we will not share the data to make sure their identities remain private.

: The authors declare no competing interests.