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Article History

Received: 22 February 2025

Accepted: 17 June 2025

First Online: 8 September 2025

Declarations

:

: All research methods and procedures complied with relevant ethical standards. The identities of participants were anonymized, data were securely stored in encrypted, password-protected files, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any stage without any consequence. This study was conducted in accordance with internationally recognized ethical guidelines and regulations for research involving human participants. Ethical approval was granted by the Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit (RMMRU) Ethical Review Committee; under whose institutional affiliation the fieldwork was conducted. Prior to participation, informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians after explaining the study’s purpose, data handling, and confidentiality protocols.

: Informed consent for publication of anonymized responses and data was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study and/or their legal guardians.

: The authors declare no competing interests.