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Article History

Received: 25 April 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 28 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Woldia University Institutional Review Board (IRB) under protocol number WDU/IRB/052/2023, approved on 26 January 2023. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee, as well as with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and interviews. The purpose of the study, procedures, potential risks, and confidentiality measures were explained in their native language. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were free to withdraw at any time without consequence.

: Explicit written and verbal consent was obtained from all participants for the use of their anonymized responses in publications arising from this research. Participants were assured that no personal identifiers would be used and that all data would be reported in a way that preserves their anonymity and dignity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.