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Authors
Zarkasi, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-4031
Elizabeth, Misbah Zulfa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-2909
Ma’arif, Syamsul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-4262
Abdullah, Irwan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-7057
Djamil, Abdul
Mas’ud, Abdurrahman
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance number 1965 from Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang, Indonesia.
: All participants gave their statements voluntarily and consciously. Before participating, all individuals were given information about the purpose of the study, the procedures to be followed, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. All data collected during the survey was kept confidential, used solely for analytical purposes, and stored securely to prevent misuse of information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
