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Article History

Received: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 18 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not require formal approval from an institutional ethics committee, as it involved non-interventional sociological research based on qualitative methods. In line with international standards, no medical, clinical, or experimental procedures were conducted. All research activities complied with the ethical principles of the American Sociological Association Code of Ethics (2018) and the British Sociological Association Statement of Ethical Practice (2017). These frameworks guided the study in ensuring voluntary participation, confidentiality, anonymity, and full respect for participants’ dignity. All participants freely provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. Consent was obtained verbally, after clearly explaining the objectives, voluntary nature, and confidentiality guarantees of the research, in line with the cultural context and the non-invasive character of the fieldwork. For participants under 16, consent was additionally obtained from parents or legal guardians.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any personal data, images, or other identifying information about the participants that would compromise their privacy.

: The authors declare no competing interests.