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Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional committee involved and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Formal institutional (hospital-level) permission was obtained from the Eglise Évangélique Luthérienne du Cameroun (EELC), Hôpital Protestant de Ngaoundéré (Ref: 030/EELC/OSEELC/HPNDERE/DIR/24). Before participation, all individuals provided written informed consent after receiving detailed information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, and their rights. Participants were assured that their involvement was entirely voluntary, and they maintained the right to withdraw at any stage without consequence, a principle we deeply respect.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.