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Article History

Received: 12 June 2025

Accepted: 27 November 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study complied with the ethical standards for research involving human participants. Formal ethics approval was not required, waived by Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia, as the study involved anonymous programme feedback collected through voluntary participation. All participants provided informed consent prior to taking part in the research, which was collected through an online form distributed via Google Forms. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were assured of the anonymity and confidentiality of their responses. No personally identifiable information was collected, and all responses are reported in aggregate to ensure confidentiality and privacy.

: All participants were informed that the anonymised data collected from the survey would be used for research and publication purposes. By completing and submitting the form, participants provided their consent for their responses to be included in the study’s analysis and for the aggregated findings to be published in academic or professional outlets. No identifying information is reported ensuring that participants’ confidentiality and privacy are fully maintained.

: The authors declare no competing interests.