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Article History

Received: 14 August 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve any human or animal participants directly. The research is based on a synthesis of publicly available literature, policy documents, and secondary data. All sources were properly acknowledged, and the study adhered to international ethical standards for academic research integrity. Not applicable. As this study relied on secondary sources and did not collect primary data from participants, no informed consent was necessary.

: The authors affirm that this manuscript is an original work that has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration in any other journal. All co-authors have approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication in the journal.

: The authors declare no competing interests.