Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 November 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 15 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of An-Najah National University and in line with the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Department of Humanities and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University. The research procedures were carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the approving department. Prior to participation, all individuals received detailed information regarding the purpose and procedures of the study, and written informed consent was obtained. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants retained the right to withdraw at any stage without any negative consequences. Anonymity and confidentiality were strictly maintained throughout the research process.

: The authors declare no competing interests.