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Authors
Thiabat, Adnan Abdelkrim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0701-300X
Alqaesi, Ania Khaled
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: Is not required, as the data used is made public.
: There are no human participants in the study.
: Not applicable. The data supporting the findings of this study are publicly available from the World Bank. (2025, July 10). World Development Indicators. Retrieved From .
: The study is not a clinical trial.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
