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Article History

Received: 6 September 2025

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 5 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is based exclusively on secondary data obtained from publicly available international databases. The research does not involve human participants, personal data, or sensitive information. As such, ethical approval was not required in accordance with institutional and journal guidelines. Not applicable. The study relies solely on secondary, country-level data from publicly accessible sources and does not involve direct interaction with human participants.

: Not applicable. No individual-level, personal, or identifiable data were collected or used in this study. In addition, all authors agreed to publish this paper.

: The authors declare no competing interests.