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Article History

Received: 30 October 2025

Accepted: 6 April 2026

First Online: 30 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is based entirely on secondary data analysis from publicly available sources. No primary data collection involving human subjects was conducted. Therefore, formal ethical approval from an institutional review board was not required.

: The authors consent to the publication of this manuscript and confirm that the work is original and has not been published elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.