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Article History

Received: 18 September 2025

Accepted: 13 April 2026

First Online: 17 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All research methods and procedures complied with relevant ethical standards. The research team kept participants’ anonymity and securely stored data in encrypted, password-protected files. This team carried out the research according to internationally avowed ethical guidelines and enactments for research involving human participants. Ethical approval was granted by the Department of Political Science, University of Barishal, solely based on the Chairman’s signature. As part of a thorough process, the corresponding author guided and supervised the entire research team on research integrity and regulations. The team ensured informed consent from all participants and/or their legal guardians after explaining the research’s objective, data handling, and confidentiality protocols before participation, as they voluntarily participated, and apprised of their freedom to withdraw at any phase without any adverse outcomes.

: Informed consent for the publication of anonymized responses and data was obtained from all participants aged 18 and above and/or their legal guardians. The team also secured informed consent from all individual participants involved in the study and/or their legal guardians.

: The authors declare no competing interests.