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Article History

Received: 16 March 2026

Accepted: 19 August 2026

First Online: 27 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Approval and review were waived by the Takoradi Technical University (TTU) Research Ethics Committee for the study. This was because no activities that could infringe on respondents’ rights were involved. All data collection procedures were handled confidentially in accordance with TTU’s ethics declaration. Informed consent was sought from all individual participants included in the study. The purpose of the research was explained to them, and they were assured that any information would be kept confidential. All respondents expressed willingness to take part in the study. It must be stated that no participant in the study was under 16 years old.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.