Lin, Yiping
Yan, Ruidong
Jiang, Rui
Zheng, Shiteng
Zhao, Hongrui
Funding for this research was provided by:
State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System (2025-A001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (W2411064, 72401022)
China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20240033)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (9242013, G2024210009)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Revised: 14 September 2025
Accepted: 19 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.