Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25K17699, 24K01006, 22H00222)
Article History
Received: 20 September 2025
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The author, Atsushi Sugama, is one of the guest editors for Special Issue on the subject of “Resilience and Intelligence on Urban Lifeline: Selected Papers from the 2nd International Symposium on Urban Lifeline” of Urban Lifeline and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no other competing interests.