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Authors
Lee, Eun Hee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-0962
Bing, Ang Chee
Abbas, Zehra
Chong, Shue Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-9802
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Article History
Received: 7 September 2025
Revised: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures in studies involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Science & Engineering Research Ethics Committee of the University of Nottingham Malaysia (Approval No. ACB241024).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the research, and their rights to confidentiality and withdrawal at any time were ensured throughout the study.
: Eun Hee Lee is an early career editorial board member for Urban Lifeline and was not involved in the editorial review, or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript.
