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Article History

Received: 19 January 2025

Accepted: 19 October 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted under the university funded project administered by Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Bangladesh. Ethical approval for the research was granted by the Ethical Review Committee (ERC), Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh, following institutional review and confirmation. All procedures involving human participants were performed in full accordance with institutional guidelines, national regulations, and internationally recognized ethical standards, including the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation after clearly explaining the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and expected benefits. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any stage without consequence, and strict confidentiality was maintained throughout to protect personal and identifying information. For participants under 16 years of age, informed consent was obtained from parents or legally authorized representatives. No biological samples or clinical interventions were involved in this research.

: The manuscript doesn’t contain any person’s data, images, or identifiable information in any form that would require consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.