Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 November 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 20 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All experimental protocols and survey procedures were approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh. All research activities involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as relevant national and institutional guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the household survey, and measures were implemented to ensure confidentiality and privacy of the respondents.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.