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Article History

Received: 19 October 2025

Accepted: 19 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable, as this study involves no human or animal subjects. Not applicable, as this study relies on publicly available secondary datasets (e.g., IMD rainfall records) and geospatial modeling; no human participants were involved.

: Not applicable, as the manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.