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Authors
Barrios-Garrido, Hector
Al-Attas, Omar
Al-Ansari, Ahmed
Boksmati, Taha
Al-Johani, Mohammed Oudah
Jabby, Khuld
Wildermann, Natalie E.
Williams, Ivor D.
Duarte, Carlos M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: Field research activities were authorized under the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) permit No. 18IACUC11, and under Red Sea Global Department of Environmental protection and Regeneration permit DES-ER-FRM-015-019 approved on May 19th/2024.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare a potential competing interest arising from their affiliations with KAUST and Red Sea Global (RSG). However, these institutional associations had no influence on the study design, data collection, or analysis of the findings. HBG declares that he has a competing interest due to the work performed as KAUST Beacon Department personnel (as consultant service provider) with Red Sea Global in 2021’s fieldwork; however, this relationship did not influence the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of the results.
