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Authors
Naeem, Asad
Khan, Muhammad Saqib
Khan, Muhammad Imran
Al Ismaeel, Abdulmoez Abdulwhab
Arifuzzaman, Md.
Khan, Kaffayatullah
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 11 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or animals. No ethical approval was required for the reported research, and there are no ethical issues associated with the work.
: Not applicable. This study does not include any person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Muhammad Imran Khan is an Editorial Board Member of Discover Civil Engineering. He had no involvement in the peer review or decision-making process of this manuscript.
