Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 December 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 29 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilizes asset and failure data from the City of Sugar Land’s database. No personal, sensitive, or identifying information was used. In accordance with City of Sugar Land policies, the analysis of existing, non-identifying municipal records for the purpose of improving administrative processes does not constitute human-subjects research and does not require Institutional Review Board (IRB) or ethics committee approval. All procedures were performed in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve human subjects.

: Not applicable. The perspective article does not include personal data, images, or other identifiable information from individuals.

: Not applicable.

: LLM responses audited in this study were obtained from OpenAI ChatGPT-5 and Microsoft Copilot (Smart (GPT 5). After completing the analysis and drafting, the authors used Grammarly and Microsoft Copilot (September-December 2025, March 2026) for minor grammar and wording edits. All outputs were reviewed and edited by the authors, who take full responsibility for the content.

: The authors declare no competing interests.