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An uncertainty-aware 4D/5D digital-twin framework for cost estimation and probabilistic schedule control: field and benchmark validation from a Texas mid-rise project

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44290-026-00523-w

Published Online: 2026-06-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Khoshkonesh, Atena

Mohammadagha, Mohsen

Ebrahimi, Navid
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-10

Version of Record valid from 2026-06-10
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Article History

Received: 27 November 2025

Accepted: 4 June 2026

First Online: 10 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or identifiable personal data. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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