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Article History

Received: 17 September 2024

Accepted: 3 June 2025

First Online: 19 June 2025

Declarations

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: This research does not involve any humans or living beings and does not harm the environment, either directly or indirectly. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

: We hereby give our consent for [Springer Nature] to publish the work entitled"A Comprehensive Review of AI and Machine Learning Techniques in Antenna Design Optimization and Measurement” in Discover Electronics or on their official platforms. We confirm that we are the rightful owner of the work and hold all necessary rights to grant this permission. We affirm that, reported work is original and not in consideration elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.