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Shunt and series resistance, photo- and saturation current, and ideality factor extraction of photovoltaic devices, integrating the current minus the short circuit current, using the 3/8 rule, with an automatic executable program

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44291-026-00162-6

Published Online: 2026-02-21

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

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