Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42206114)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province ((LY20C030004)
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515030087)
Article History
Received: 2 December 2024
Revised: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2025
First Online: 21 March 2025
Declarations
:
: This study is a comparative analysis of the policies of Japan and does not involve human participants. Therefore, the ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable for this review.
: The authors declare that the manuscript entitled ‘Evolution of Japan’s marine protected area governance: A focus on the Basic Plan of Ocean Policy’ is an original work and has not been published elsewhere in any language, either in full or in part. We also attest that the manuscript is not currently under consideration for publication in any other journal or forum. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.