Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research Bases of Humanities and Social Sciences in Higher Educational Institutions in Hebei Province (HYZD202502)
International Program of the Marine Spatial Planning Institute of the China Oceanic Development Foundation (GJ1119209)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271247)
Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Revised: 16 March 2026
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. This article does not contain any studies with human participants.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Yang Yang is a Managing Editor Member of this journal.