Shen, Ziyuan
Zeng, Yujin
Rong, Kang
Xing, Xing
Zhang, Shuo
Wang, Chunling
Sang, Wei
Zhuang, Wanchuan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470192)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20241768)
Annual Lianyungang City Science and Technology Development Plan for Cancer Prevention and Control (ZD202406)
Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Revised: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and study approval was obtained from the independent Ethics Committees of each participating center in HHLWG.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.