Nathalang, Oytip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-3063
Onthong, Yupapin https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1102-0766
Laoruangroj, Chonlada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7659-9222
Apipongrat, Dollapak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-6431
Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Revised: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved under exempt review by the Institutional Review Board of the Royal Thai Army Medical Department (Project No. S063b/67_Xmp) and the Human Research Ethics Committee of Thammasat University (Science), HREC-TUSc (COA No. 048/2568). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board because the study involved the use of leftover clinical specimens and retrospectively collected, de-identified data obtained from medical records.
: The authors declare no competing interests.